Name Introduction:The phenomenon of "Gaokao immigration" is a very complex social phenomenon, arising from both internal and external educational reasons. From the internal perspective of education, it mainly reflects the contradictions caused by the uneven distribution of higher education resources and the uneven development of basic education in our country, which is a concentrated manifestation in the Gaokao. This phenomenon occurs when some candidates use all possible means and channels to move to provinces with lower admission scores and higher admission rates in order to achieve the goal of attending university or a good university. From the external perspective of education, it is mainly due to the lax management of household registration and student status systems in certain provinces, which provides opportunities for some individuals.

Background:In 1977, the college entrance examination system was restored in mainland China. Due to the relative shortage of educational resources, the phenomenon of "thousands of troops and horses rushing over a single-log bridge" has become increasingly severe. The uneven economic development among various provinces and cities in mainland China has led to varying quality of education across regions. Therefore, although China's Gaokao adopts a nationally unified examination (some regions have continued to implement separate examinations, and this trend has expanded in recent years), it has not adopted a unified scoring system. More importantly, there is no nationwide standard for enrollment quotas; instead, a unified enrollment policy is implemented within provinces. The consequences of this policy can be divided into two types:
 

1. Advantages of Key Cities-- Major cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai have a significant advantage in enrollment quotas. For example, Tsinghua University has admitted more students from Beijing in recent years than the total number from the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, and Sichuan combined, despite these four provinces having a total population over 20 times that of Beijing. Due to the relative advantage of direct-controlled municipalities in terms of educational resources, coupled with the preferential enrollment policies of national key universities towards these areas, students from these regions find it easier to enroll in prestigious higher education institutions. In 2005, the total number of applicants for the national college entrance examination reached 8.67 million, an increase of 1.44 million from the previous year, with an expected admission rate of 55%. However, the expected admission rates in Beijing, Tianjin, Hainan, and other places exceed 70%, while in Guangxi and Guizhou, it is only 44%, far below the national average.

2. Advantages of Remote Areas-- Considering the preferential treatment for special economic zones and ethnic regions, Hainan Province and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which have scarce educational resources, also have relatively high enrollment quotas. Additionally, while some remote areas may not have many enrollment quotas, their Gaokao admission rates are significantly higher compared to the population of inland provinces. Furthermore, due to the low level of secondary education in these areas, local candidates generally score lower, which gives students from moderately developed provinces a relative advantage in the Gaokao, leading to pure Gaokao immigration.